GATE SYLLABUS

GATE 2023 Paper-wise Syllabus

GATE Mechanical Engineering (ME) Syllabus 

GATE Mechanical Engineering (ME) Syllabus 2022 

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics


Section 2: Applied Mechanics and Design

Applied Mechanics and Design section from GATE ME Syllabus deals with the application of concepts of mechanics into complex situations and the response of bodies or systems of bodies under the action of external forces.


Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

Archimedes observed deviation in the mechanics of fluid and forces acting on them long before the term ‘engineering’ was coined. Following the footsteps of Archimedes- Leonardo Da Vinci, Issac Newton, and Blaise Pascal paved the way for Fluid Mechanics with their groundbreaking inventions and indisputable theories. All the advancements in the field of Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Science is condensed in this section of GATE ME syllabus, which is as following:


Section 4: Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering


Section 5: General Aptitude

GATE Civil Engineering (CE) Syllabus

GATE Civil Engineering Syllabus 2022

GATE Civil engineering has been neatly divided into 7 Sections with each section comprising of the related subjects. The details of the syllabus is given below :

Section 1 – Engineering Mathematics

Section 2 – Structural Engineering

Section 3 – Geomatics Engineering

Section 4 – Water Resources Engineering

 Section 5 – Environmental Engineering

Section 6 – Transportation Engineering

Section 7 – Geotechnical Engineering

GATE Computer Science & Information Technology (CS/IT) Syllabus 

GATE Computer Science & Information Technology Syllabus 2022

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: Digital Logic

Section 3: Computer Organization and Architecture

Section 4: Programming and Data Structures

Section 5: Algorithms

Section 6: Theory of Computation

Section 7: Compiler Design

Section 8: Operating System

Section 9: Databases

Section 10: Computer Networks

GATE CSE Syllabus 2023- General Aptitude

GATE Electrical Engineering (EE) Syllabus

GATE Electrical Engineering Syllabus 2022

GATE 2022 Syllabus for Electrical Engineering is divided into 10 sections with topics that need to be covered. Candidates can check the Syllabus for GATE Electrical Engineering below:

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: Electric Circuits

Section 3: Electromagnetic Fields

Section 4: Signals and Systems

Section 5: Electrical Machines

Section 6: Power Systems

Section 7: Control Systems

Section 8: Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Section 9: Analog and Digital Electronics

Section 10: Power Electronics

GATE General Aptitude Syllabus 2022

General Aptitude (GA) is a common section in all GATE Papers and holds 15% of the total marks. The questions in GA are based on verbal ability and numerical ability. The 2 subsections in the GA section are as follows:

GATE Electronics & Communication Engineering (ECE) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for ECE 2022

GATE Syllabus for ECE 2022 is consists of eight major sections including Engineering Mathematics. These include:

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: Networks, Signals, and Systems

Section 3: Electronic Devices

Section 4: Analog Circuits

Section 5: Digital Circuits

Section 6: Control Systems

Section 7: Communications

Section 8: Electromagnetics

Section 9 - General Aptitude 

GATE Instrumentation Engineering (IN) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Instrumentation Engineering (IN) 2022

GATE syllabus for Instrumentation Engineering divided into 10 important topics including engineering mathematics. Candidate can check the detailed GATE Syllabus for Instrumentation Engineering (IN) with all the important topics and sub-topics: 

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: Electricity and Magnetism

Section 3: Electrical Circuits and Machines

Section 4: Signals and Systems

Section 5: Control Systems

Section 6: Analog Electronics

Section 7: Digital Electronics

Section 8: Measurements

Section 9: Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation

Section 10: Communication and Optical Instrumentation

General Aptitude Syllabus for GATE 2022 Instrumentation Engineering

GATE Production & Industrial Engineering (PI) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Production & Industrial Engineering (PI) 2022

Section 1 – Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: General Engineering

Section 3: Manufacturing Processes I

Section 4: Manufacturing Processes II

Section 5: Quality and Reliability

Section 6: Industrial Engineering

Section 7: Operations research and Operations management

Section 8 - General Aptitude 

GATE Aerospace Engineering (AE) Syllabus

GATE Aerospace Engineering Syllabus 2022

GATE Aerospace Engineering Syllabus consists of 6 sections. In each of the sections, the topics have been divided into two categories – Core Topics and Special Topics. The paper would consist of about 90% of the questions from the core aerospace topics with the rest 10% from the Special Topics for the respective sections

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Engineering mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry. It is one of the difficult sections of the paper. This section carries fifteen percent weightage of the total questions. The topics include in this section are - 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

Section 2: Flight Mechanics

Flight mechanics are related to the operations of fixed-wing (gliders, airplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircrafts. An Aeroplane (Airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110. The topics include in this section are - 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

Section 3: Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of air, particularly its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing. Aerodynamics is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields. The topics include in this section are - 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

Section 4: Structures

A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as biological organisms, minerals, and chemicals. Abstract structures include data structures in computer science and musical form. The topics include in this section are - 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

Section 5: Propulsion

Propulsion is a means of creating force leading to movement. A propulsion system consists of a source of mechanical power, and a propulsor (means of converting this power into propulsive force). The topics include in this section are - 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

Section 6: Space Dynamics

Space dynamics is the study of man made objects in space when subjected to natural forces or any artificially induced forces in space. The topics include in this section are - 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

Section 7 :General Aptitude 

General Aptitude is a common section to all the GATE Papers. It is helpful for testing the analytical skills along with comprehension skills sof the candidate. The topics include in this section are 

CORE TOPIC

SPECIAL TOPIC

GATE Architecture & Planning (AR) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Architecture & Planning (AR) 2022

GATE Syllabus for Architecture & Planning (AR) will consist of 8 sections. Architecture & Design is the most important section of Architecture and Planning. Candidates can check the Architecture and Planning syllabus as given below:

GATE Syllabus for Architecture & Planning (AR): Part A Common

GATE Syllabus for Architecture & Planning (AR): Part B1 Architecture

GATE Syllabus for Architecture & Planning (AR): Part B2 Planning

GATE Syllabus for Architecture & Planning (AR) General Aptitude 

GATE Biotechnology (BT) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Biotechnology (BT) 2022

GATE Biotechnology paper will have questions from topics:

Section 1 – Engineering Mathematics

Section 2 – General Biotechnology

Section 3 – Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology

Section 4 – Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Section 5 – Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Section 6 – Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

Section 7 – Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Section 8 - General Aptitude 

GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus

GATE Chemical Engineering (CH) Syllabus 2022

Chemical Engineering uses Physics and Chemistry with applied Mathematics to convert chemicals and raw materials into useful substances. Chemical Engineers essentially design large-scale processes for such transformations.

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Engineering Mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry. This section carries a 15% weightage of questions. It is one of the important sections of GATE syllabus. 

Section 2: Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations

Section 4: Heat Transfer

Section 5: Mass Transfer

Section 6: Chemical Reaction Engineering

Section 7: Instrumentation and Process Control

Section 8: Plant Design and Economics

Section 9: Chemical Technology

GATE Chemistry (CY) Syllabus

GATE Chemistry Syllabus 2022

GATE Chemistry Syllabus consists of three sections- Physical Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry and Organic Chemistry. Here, we are providing the complete syllabus of Chemistry for GATE which is given below:

Section 1 - Physical Chemistry

Subject: Structure 

Topic: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators. Time-dependent and time-independent Schrödinger equations. Born interpretation. Dirac bra- ket notation. Particle in a box: infinite and finite square wells; concept of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications. Harmonic oscillator: harmonic and anharmonic potentials; hermite polynomials. Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, Rigid rotor. Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms : atomic orbitals; radial distribution function. Multi-electron atoms: orbital approximation; electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; slater determinants. Approximation Methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first order perturbation techniques. Atomic units. Molecular structure and Chemical bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; Valence bond theory and linear combination of atomic orbitals – molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory. Hybrid orbitals. Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2 +, H2; molecular orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Hückel approximation and its application to annular π– electron systems

Subject: Group Theory 

Topic: Symmetry elements and operations; Point groups and character tables; Internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects.

Subject: Spectroscopy 

Topic: Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; Term symbols and spectral details; origin of selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Line broadening. Einstein’s coefficients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance: gyromagnetic ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling.

Subject: Equilibrium 

Topic: Laws of thermodynamics. Standard states. Thermochemistry. Thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, van’t Hoff equation. Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium. Absolute entropy. Partial molar quantities. Thermodynamics of mixing. Chemical potential. Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients. Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s Law and Henry’s Law, Chemical equilibria. Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure. Ionic mobility and conductivity. Debye-Hückel limiting law. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation. Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells. Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between Electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, Potentiometric and conductometric titrations. Phase rule. Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Phase diagram of one component systems: CO2, H2O, S; two component systems: liquid- vapour, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid systems. Fractional distillation. Azeotropes and eutectics. Statistical thermodynamics: microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions and thermodynamic properties.

Subject: Kinetics 

Topic: Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions. Steady state approximation. Mechanisms of complex reactions. Unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, Concept of Saddle points, Transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects. Kinetics of polymerization. Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis. Kinetic isotope effects. Fast reaction kinetics: relaxation and flow methods. Diffusion controlled reactions. Kinetics of photochemical and photophysical processes.

Subject: Surfaces and Interfaces 

Topic: Physisorption and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer–Emmett– Teller (BET) isotherms. Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Surface tension, viscosity. Self- assembly. Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules.

Section 2 - Inorganic Chemistry

Subject: Main Group Elements 

Topic: Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides – shapes and reactivity. Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Allotropes of carbon, phosphorus and sulphur. Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements. Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds. Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis).

Subject: Transition Elements 

Topic: Coordination chemistry – structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and MOT). Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe- Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra. Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes. Ray-Dutt and Bailar twists,

Subject: Reaction Mechanism 

Topic: kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions. Metal-metal multiple bond. Lanthanides and Actinides: Recovery. Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties.

Subject: Organometallics 

Topic: 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal- carbene complexes and metallocenes. Fluxionality in organometallic complexes. Types of organometallic reactions. Homogeneous catalysis - Hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation. Heterogeneous catalysis - Fischer- Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization.

Subject: Radioactivity 

Topic: Detection of radioactivity, Decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Ion (Na+ and K+) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc.

Subject: Solids 

Topic: Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg’s law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors. Instrumental Methods of Analysis: UV-visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and X- ray crystallography. Chromatography including GC and HPLC. Electroanalytical methods- polarography, cyclic voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes. Thermoanalytical methods.

Section 3 - Organic Chemistry

Subject: Streochemistry 

Topic: Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations. Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic centre. Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism. Configurational and conformational effects, atropisomerism, and neighbouring group participation on reactivity and selectivity/specificity.

Subject: Reaction Mechanisms 

Topic: Basic mechanistic concepts – kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond’s postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle. Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling. Linear free-energy relationship – Hammett and Taft equations. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic). Additional reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates – carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals. Molecular rearrangements.

Subject: Organic Synthesis 

Topic: Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides. Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis. Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions - Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira, Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, olefin metathesis and McMurry. Concepts of multistep synthesis – retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents. Atom economy and Green Chemistry, Umpolung reactivity – formyl and acyl anion equivalents. Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. Protection and deprotection of functional groups. Concepts of asymmetric synthesis – resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis. Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silyl enol ethers. Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models).

Subject: Pericyclic Reaction and Photochemistry 

Topic: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlations - FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction.

Subject: Heterocyclic 

Topic: Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.

Subject: Biomolecules 

Topic: Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.

Subject: Experimental Techniques in Organic Chemistry 

Topic: Optical rotation (polarimetry). Applications of various chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC. Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules.

GATE Ecology & Evolution (EY) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Ecology & Evolution 2022

The GATE Syllabus for Ecology & Evolution 2022 is based on graduation level. Applicants are advised to check the complete syllabus before starting the preparation of the exam. 

Section 1: Ecology

Section 2: Evolution

Section 3: Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology

Section 4: Behavioural Ecology

Section 5: Applied Ecology & Evolution

GATE Geology & Geophysics (GG) Syllabus

GATE 2022 Geology & Geophysics Syllabus - Common Section

GATE 2022 Geology & Geophysics Syllabus for the common section has to be attempted by all the candidates attempting the subject: 

GATE 2022 Geology Syllabus

GATE 2022 Geophysics Syllabus

GATE Mathematics (MA) Syllabus

GATE Mathematics Syllabus 2022 

There are 11 chapters in the GATE Mathematics Syllabus. Each chapter has many subtopics. The complete syllabus of Mathematics paper is given below.

Section 1: Calculus

Section 2: Linear Algebra

Section 3: Real Analysis

Section 4: Complex Analysis

Section 5: Ordinary Differential equations

Section 6: Algebra

Section 7: Functional Analysis

Section 8: Numerical Analysis

Section 9: Partial Differential Equations

Section 10: Topology

Section 11: Linear Programming

GATE Mining Engineering (MN) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Mining Engineering (MN) 2022

Section 1 – Engineering Mathematics

Section 2: Mining Geology, Mine Development and Surveying

Section 3: Geomechanics and Ground Control

Section 4: Mining Methods and Machinery

Section 5: Surface Environment, Mine Ventilation, and Underground Hazards

Section 6: Mine Economics, Mine Planning, Systems Engineering

Section 7 - General Aptitude 

GATE Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022: Important Topics

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022 comprises five sections - Engineering Mathematics, Applied Mechanics and Structures, Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydrodynamics, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering. The topics included in each section are given below. 

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022: Section 1 (Engineering Mathematics)

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022: Section 2 (Applied Machines and Structures)

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022: Section 3 (Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydrodynamics)

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022: Section 4 (Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering)

GATE Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) Syllabus 2022: Section 5 (Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering)

GATE Physics (PH) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Physics 2022

GATE Syllabus for Physics 2022 includes nine sections/ major topics apart from General Aptitude. These include:

Section 1: Mathematical Physics

Section 2: Classical Mechanics

Section 3: Electromagnetic Theory

Section 4: Quantum Mechanics

Section 5: Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Section 6: Atomic and Molecular Physics

Section 7: Solid State Physics

Section 8: Electronics

Section 9: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Section 10 - General Aptitude 

GATE Statistics (ST) Syllabus

GATE Statistics Syllabus 2022

GATE Statistics Syllabus 2022 consists of 9 different sections, they are : Calculus, Matrix Theory, Probability, Stochastic process, Estimation, Testing of hypothesis, Non parametric Statistics, Multivariate Analysis and Regression Analysis. The detailed syllabus for which is given below-

Section 1: Calculus

Section 2: Matrix Theory

Section 3: Probability

Section 4: Stochastic Processes 

Section 5: Estimation

Section 6: Testing of Hypotheses

Section 7: Non-parametric Statistics

Section 8: Multivariate Analysis

Section 9: Regression Analysis

GATE Engineering Science (XE) Syllabus

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) consists of the following parts:

A candidate is required to attempt three parts out of these 8 parts in GATE 2022 Engineering Sciences exam with the part XE-A (Engineering Mathematics) compulsory for all the candidates. The part wise GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) syllabus 2022 is given below:

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-A: Engineering Mathematics

It is the branch of applied mathematics focusing on mathematical methods and techniques that are mostly used in the engineering industry. It is compulsory for all candidates. It is needed by engineers for practical, theoretical and other considerations and deals with limitations for efficiency in their work. The below table shows the topic and subtopic of this section. 

TOPIC : Linear Algebra

SUB-TOPIC :  Algebra of real matrices: Determinant, inverse and rank of a matrix; System of linear equations (conditions for unique solution, no solution and infinite number of solutions); Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices; Properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of symmetric matrices, diagonalization of matrices; Cayley- Hamilton Theorem.

TOPIC : Calculus

SUB-TOPIC : Functions of single variable: Limit, indeterminate forms and L'Hospital's rule; Continuity and differentiability; Mean value theorems; Maxima and minima; Taylor's theorem; Fundamental theorem and mean value theorem of integral calculus; Evaluation of definite and improper integrals; Applications of definite integrals to evaluate areas and volumes (rotation of a curve about an axis). Functions of two variables: Limit, continuity and partial derivatives; Directional derivative; Total derivative; Maxima, minima and saddle points; Method of Lagrange multipliers; Double integrals and their applications. Sequences and series: Convergence of sequences and series; Tests of convergence of series with non-negative terms (ratio, root and integral tests); Power series; Taylor's series; Fourier Series of functions of period 2π.

TOPIC : Vector Calculus

SUB-TOPIC : Gradient, divergence and curl; Line integrals and Green's theorem.

TOPIC : Complex Variables

SUB-TOPIC : Complex numbers, Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers; De Moivre’s theorem; Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations.

TOPIC : Ordinary Differential Equations

SUB-TOPIC :  First order equations (linear and nonlinear); Second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Cauchy-Euler equation; Second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients; Wronskian; Method of variation of parameters; Eigenvalue problem for second order equations with constant coefficients; Power series solutions for ordinary points.

TOPIC : Partial Differential Equations

SUB-TOPIC : Classification of second order linear partial differential equations; Method of separation of variables: One dimensional heat equation and two dimensional Laplace equation.

TOPIC : Probability and Statistics

SUB-TOPIC : Axioms of probability; Conditional probability; Bayes' Theorem; Mean, variance and standard deviation of random variables; Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions; Correlation and linear regression.

TOPIC : Numerical Methods

SUB-TOPIC : Solution of systems of linear equations using LU decomposition, Gauss elimination method; Lagrange and Newton's interpolations; Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations by Newton-Raphson method; Numerical integration by trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule; Numerical solutions of first order differential equations by explicit Euler's method.

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-B: Fluid Mechanics

This branch of physics deals with the mechanics of fluids and forces on them.

TOPIC : Flow and Fluid Properties

SUB-TOPIC : Fluid Properties: Density, viscosity, surface tension, relationship between stress and strain-rate for Newtonian fluids. Classification of Flows: Viscous versus inviscid flows, incompressible versus compressible flows, internal versus external flows, steady versus unsteady flows, laminar versus turbulent flows, 1-D, 2-D and 3-D flows, Newtonian versus non-Newtonian fluid flow. Hydrostatics: Buoyancy, manometry, forces on submerged bodies and its stability.

TOPIC : Kinematics of Fluid Motion

SUB-TOPIC : Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of fluid motion. Concept of local, convective and material derivatives. Streamline, streakline, pathline and timeline.

TOPIC : Integral Analysis for a Control Volume

SUB-TOPIC :  Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) for conservation of mass, linear and angular momentum.

TOPIC : Differential Analysis

SUB-TOPIC : Differential equations of mass and momentum for incompressible flows. Inviscid flows - Euler equations and viscous flows - Navier-Stokes equations. Concept of fluid rotation, vorticity, stream function and circulation. Exact solutions of Navier-Stokes equations for Couette flow and Poiseuille flow, thin film flow.

TOPIC : Dimensional Analysis

SUB-TOPIC : Concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity. Buckingham Pi theorem and its applications. Non-dimensional parameters and their physical significance - Reynolds number, Froude number and Mach number.

TOPIC : Internal Flows

SUB-TOPIC : Fully developed pipe flow. Empirical relations for laminar and turbulent flows: friction factor, Darcy-Weisbach relation and Moody’s chart. Major and minor losses.

TOPIC : Bernoulli's Equation and its Applications, Potential Flows

SUB-TOPIC : Bernoulli’s equation: Assumptions and applications. Flow measurements - Venturi meter, Pitot-static tube and orifice meter. Elementary potential flows: Velocity potential function. Uniform flow, source, sink and vortex, and their superposition for flow past simple geometries.

TOPIC : External Flow

SUB-TOPIC : Prandtl boundary layer equations: Concept and assumptions. Boundary layer characteristics: Boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness and momentum thickness. Qualitative idea of boundary layer separation, streamlined and bluff bodies, and drag and lift forces.

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-C : Material Science

Material science and engineering is an interdisciplinary field of material science that involves the discovery and design of new materials with an emphasis on solids.

TOPIC : Classfication and Structure of Materials

SUB-TOPIC : Classification of materials: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Nature of bonding in materials:metallic,ionic, covalent and mixed bonding; structure of materials:fundamentals of crystallography, symmetry operations, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, unit cells, primitive cells, crystallographic planes and directions; structures of metals, ceramics, polymers, amorphous materials and glasses. Defects in crystalline materials: 0-D, 1-D and 2-D defects; vacancies, interstitials, solid solutions in metals and ceramics, Frenkel and Schottky defects; dislocations; grain boundaries, twins, stacking faults; surfaces and interfaces.

TOPIC : Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Phase Transformations

SUB-TOPIC : Extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties, laws of thermodynamics, phase equilibria, phase rule, phase diagrams (unary and binary), basic electrochemistry. Reaction kinetics, fundamentals of diffusion, Fick’s laws, their solutions and applications. Solidification of pure metals and alloys, nucleation andgrowth, diffusional solid-state phase transformations (precipitation and eutectoid), martensitic transformation.

TOPIC : Properties and Applications of Materials

SUB-TOPIC : Mechanical properties of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites at room temperature; stress-strain response (elastic, anelastic and plastic deformation). Electronic properties: free electron theory, Fermi energy, density of states, elements of band theory, semiconductors, Hall effect, dielectric behaviour, piezo- and ferro-electric behaviour. Magnetic properties:Origin of magnetism in materials, para-, dia-, ferro- and ferri-magnetism. Thermal properties: Specific heat, heat conduction, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, and thermoelectricity. Optical properties: Refractive index, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation. Examples of materials exhibiting the above properties, and their typical/common applications.

TOPIC : Characterization and Measurements of Properties

SUB-TOPIC : X-ray diffraction;spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, IR and Raman; optical microscopy, electron microscopy, composition analysisin electron microscopes. Tensile test, hardness measurement. Electrical conductivity, carrier mobility and concentrations. Thermal analysis techniques: thermogravimetry and calorimetry.

TOPIC : Processing of Materials

SUB-TOPIC : Heat treatment of ferrous and aluminium alloys; preparation of ceramic powders, sintering; thin film deposition: evaporation and sputtering techniques, and chemical vapour deposition, thin film growth phenomena.

TOPIC : Degradation of Materials

SUB-TOPIC : Corrosion and its prevention; embrittlement of metals; polymer degradation.

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-D: Solid Mechanics

It is a branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials under circumstances like motion and deformation of solids under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes and other external and internal agents.

TOPIC : Mechanics of Rigid Bodies

SUB-TOPIC : Equivalent force systems; free-body diagrams; equilibrium equations; analysis of determinate trusses and frames; friction; principle of minimum potential energy; particle kinematics and dynamics; dynamics of rigid bodies under planar motion; law of conservation of energy; law of conservation of momentum.

TOPIC : Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

SUB-TOPIC : Stresses and strains; transformation of stresses and strains, principal stresses and strains; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; generalized Hooke’s Law; elastic constants; thermal stresses; theories of failure. Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams; axial, shear and bending stresses; combined stresses; deflection (for symmetric bending); torsion in circular shafts; thin walled pressure vessels; energy methods (Castigliano’s Theorems); Euler buckling.

TOPIC : Vibrations

SUB-TOPIC : Free vibration of undamped single degree of freedom systems.

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-E: Thermodynamics

It is a branch of physics with heat and temperature and their relation to work and energy.

TOPIC : Basic Concept

SUB-TOPIC : Continuum and macroscopic approach; thermodynamic systems (closed and open); thermodynamic properties and equilibrium; state of a system, state postulate for simple compressible substances, state diagrams, paths and processes on state diagrams; concepts of heat and work, different modes of work; zeroth law of thermodynamics; concept of temperature.

TOPIC : First Law of Thermodynamics

SUB-TOPIC : Concept of energy and various forms of energy; internal energy, enthalpy; specific heats; first law applied to elementary processes, closed systems and control volumes, steady and unsteady flow analysis.

TOPIC : Second Law of Thermodynamics

SUB-TOPIC : Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics, concepts of heat engines and heat pumps/refrigerators, Kelvin- Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence; reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot cycle and Carnot principles/theorems; thermodynamic temperature scale; Clausius inequality and concept of entropy; microscopic interpretation of entropy, the principle of increase of entropy, T-s diagrams; second law analysis of control volume; availability and irreversibility; third law of thermodynamics.

TOPIC : Properties of Pure Substances

SUB-TOPIC : Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapor phases; P-v-T behaviour of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic property tables and charts, ideal and real gases, ideal gas equation of state and van der Waals equation of state; law of corresponding states, compressibility factor and generalized compressibility chart.

TOPIC : Thermodynamics Relations

SUB-TOPIC : T-ds relations, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions, Gibbs relations, Maxwell relations, Joule-Thomson coefficient, coefficient of volume expansion, adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities, Clapeyron and Clapeyron-Clausius equations.

TOPIC : Thermodynamics Cycles

SUB-TOPIC : Carnot vapor cycle, ideal Rankine cycle, Rankine reheat cycle, air-standard Otto cycle, air-standard Diesel cycle, air-standard Brayton cycle, vapor- compression refrigeration cycle.

TOPIC : Ideal Gas Mixtures

SUB-TOPIC : Dalton’s and Amagat’s laws, properties of ideal gas mixtures, air-water vapor mixtures and simple thermodynamic processes involving them; specific and relative humidities, dew point and wet bulb temperature, adiabatic saturation temperature, psychrometric chart.

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-F: Polymer Science and Engineering

It is a subfield of material science focusing primarily on polymer such as synthetic polymers.

TOPIC : Chemistry of High Polymers

SUB-TOPIC : Monomers, functionality, degree of polymerizations, classification of polymers, glass transition, melting transition, criteria for rubberiness, polymerization methods: addition and condensation; their kinetics, metallocene polymers and other newer methods of polymerization, copolymerization, monomer reactivity ratios and its significance, kinetics, different copolymers, random, alternating, azeotropic copolymerization, block and graft copolymers, techniques for polymerization-bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion. Concept of intermolecular order (morphology) – amorphous, crystalline, orientation states. Factor affecting crystallinity. Crystalline transition. Effect of morphology on polymer properties.

TOPIC : Polymer Characterization

SUB-TOPIC : Solubility and swelling, Concept of molecular weight distribution and its significance, concept of average molecular weight, determination of number average, weight average, viscosity average and Z-average molecular weights, polymer crystallinity, analysis of polymers using IR, XRD, thermal (DSC, DMTA, TGA), microscopic (optical and electronic) techniques, Molecular wt. distribution: Broad and Narrow, GPC, mooney viscosity

TOPIC : Synthesis, Manufacturing and Properties

SUB-TOPIC : Commodity and general purpose thermoplastics: PE, PP, PS, PVC, Polyesters, Acrylic, PU polymers. Engineering Plastics: Nylon, PC, PBT, PSU, PPO, ABS, Fluoropolymers Thermosetting polymers: Polyurethane, PF, MF, UF, Epoxy, Unsaturated polyester, Alkyds. Natural and synthetic rubbers: Recovery of NR hydrocarbon from latex; SBR, Nitrile, CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR, BR, Silicone, TPE, Speciality plastics: PEK, PEEK, PPS, PSU, PES etc. Biopolymers such as PLA, PHA/PHB.

TOPIC : Polymer Blends and Composites

SUB-TOPIC : Difference between blends and composites, their significance, choice of polymers for blending, blend miscibility-miscible and immiscible blends, thermodynamics, phase morphology, polymer alloys, polymer eutectics, plastic-plastic, rubber-plastic and rubber-rubber blends, FRP, particulate, long and short fibre reinforced composites. Polymer reinforcement, reinforcing fibres – natural and synthetic, base polymer for reinforcement (unsaturated polyester), ingredients / recipes for reinforced polymer composite.

TOPIC : Polymer Technology

SUB-TOPIC : Polymer compounding-need and significance, different compounding ingredients for rubber and plastics (Antioxidants, Light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, Lubricants, Processing aids, Impact modifiers, Flame retardant, antistatic agents. PVC stabilizers and Plasticizers) and their function, use of carbon black, polymer mixing equipments, cross-linking and vulcanization, vulcanization kinetics.

TOPIC : Polymer Rheology

SUB-TOPIC : Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, different flow equations, dependence of shear modulus on temperature, molecular/segmental deformations at different zones and transitions. Measurements of rheological parameters by capillary rotating, parallel plate, cone-plate rheometer. Visco- elasticity-creep and stress relaxations, mechanical models, control of rheological characteristics through compounding, rubber curing in parallel plate viscometer, ODR and MDR.

TOPIC : Polymer Processing

SUB-TOPIC : Compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, blow molding, reaction injection molding, filament winding, SMC, BMC, DMC, extrusion, pultrusion, calendaring, rotational molding, thermoforming, powder coating, rubber processing in two-roll mill, internal mixer, Twin screw extruder.

TOPIC : Polymer Testing

SUB-TOPIC : Mechanical-static and dynamic tensile, flexural, compressive, abrasion, endurance, fatigue, hardness, tear, resilience, impact, toughness. Conductivity-thermal and electrical, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, electric resistance, surface resistivity, volume resistivity, swelling, ageing resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance, limiting oxygen index. Heat deflection temperature –Vicat softening temperature, Brittleness temperature, Glass transition temperature, Co-efficient of thermal expansion, Shrinkage, Flammability, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, Optical Properties - Refractive Index, Luminous Transmittance and Haze, Melt flow index

TOPIC : Polymer Recycling and Waste Management

SUB-TOPIC : Polymer waste, and its impact on environment, Sources, Identification and Separation techniques, recycling classification, recycling of thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers, applications of recycled materials. Life cycle assessment of polymer products (case studies like PET bottles, packaging bags)

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-G: Food Technology

It is a branch of food science that deals with food production processes.

TOPIC : Food Chemistry and Nutrition

SUB-TOPIC : Carbohydrates: structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & poly- saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Proteins: classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization of muscles. Lipids: classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism. Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin. Food flavours: terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinines. Enzymes: specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non- enzymatic browning. Nutrition: balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases. Chemical and biochemical changes: changes occur in foods during different processing.

TOPIC : Food Microbiology

SUB-TOPIC : Characteristics of microorganisms: morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining. Microbial growth: growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique. Food spoilage: spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and their products. Toxins from microbes: pathogens and nonpathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillus genera. Fermented oods and beverages: curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soyasauce, sauerkraut, idli, dosa, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage.

TOPIC : Food Products Technology

SUB-TOPIC : Processing principles: thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods. Food pack aging and storage: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage. Cereal processing and products: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready to eat breakfast cereals. Oil processing: expelling, solvent extraction, refining and hydrogenation. Fruits and vegetables p processing: extraction, clarification, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles. Plantation crops processing and products: tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices. Milk and milk products processing: pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and milk powder. Processing of animal products: drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder. Waste utilization: pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling. Food standards and quality maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP).

TOPIC : Food Engineering

SUB-TOPIC : Mass and energy balance; Momentum transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number. Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers. Mass transfer: molecular diffusion and Flick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films. Mechanical operations: size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid. Thermal operations: thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization. Mass transfer operations: psychometric, humidification and dehumidification operations.

GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Syllabus 2022: XE-H: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Syllabus

TOPIC : Atmospheric Sciences

SUB-TOPIC : Vertical Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere; Blackbody Radiation and Radiation Balance; Modes of Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere; Greenhouse Effect; Cloud Types; Laws of Thermodynamics; Gas Laws; Hydrostatic Equation; Clausius Clapeyron Equation; Adiabatic Processes, Humidity in the Atmosphere, Atmospheric Stability; Weather and Climate. Navier-Stokes and Continuity Equations; Compressible and Incompressible Fluids; Pressure Gradient, Centripetal, Centrifugal and Coriolis Forces; Geostrophic, Gradient and Cyclostrophic Balances; Circulations and Vorticity, General Circulation of the Atmosphere. Broad Features of Indian Monsoons, Monsoon Depressions; Tropical Convergence Zones; Tropical Cyclones.

TOPIC : Ocean Sciences

SUB-TOPIC : Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Salinity; Stability and Double Diffusion; Equation of State, Equations for Conservation of Mass, Momentum, Heat and Salt; Inertial Currents; Geostrophic Motion; Air-Sea Surface Fluxes; Wind-driven Circulation, Ekman and Sverdrup Transports; Storm Surges, Tides, Tsunamis and Wind Waves; Eddies and Gyres; Eastern and Western Boundary Currents, Equatorial Currents, Indian Ocean Current Systems; Thermohaline Circulation. Chemical Properties of Seawater, Major and Minor Elements, Ocean Acidification, Biochemical Cycling of Nutrients, Trace Metals and Organic Matter. Biological Pump; primary and Secondary Biological Productivity; Air-sea Exchange of Biogenic Dissolved Gases; Marine Ecology.

GATE Life Science (XL) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Life Sciences (XL) 2022

GATE 2022 XL-P Chemistry Syllabus 2022

Section 1: Atomic Structure and PeriodicityPlanck’s quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom, electronic configuration of atoms and ions. Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic size.

Section 2: Structure and BondingIonic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridization, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice energy (Born‐Haber cycle). HSABprinciple.

Section 3: s, p & d Block Elements Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d elements. Coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism.

Section 4: Chemical Equilibria Colligative properties of solutions, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their applications. Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp and Kx) for homogeneous reactions

Section 5: Electrochemistry Conductance, Kohlrausch law, cell potentials, emf, Nernst equation, Galvanic cells, thermodynamic aspects and their applications

Section 6: Reaction Kinetics Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second order kinetics, catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions.

Section 7: Thermodynamics First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff equation, heat of reaction, Hess’s law, heat of formation. Second law, entropy, free energy and work function. Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation, Clausius‐Clapeyron equation, free energy change, equilibrium constant and Trouton’s rule. Third law of thermodynamics.

Section 8: Structure Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms Acids and bases, electronic and steric effects, optical and geometrical isomerism, tautomerism, conformers and concept of aromaticity. Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions, Hoffmann and Saytzeff rules, addition reactions, Markownikoff rule and Kharash effect. Aromatic electrophilic substitutions, orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups. Diels‐Alder, Wittig and hydroboration reactions. Identification of functional groups by chemical tests.

Section 9: Chemistry of Biomolecules Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides. Peptide sequencing by chemical and enzymatic proteolytic methods. DNA sequencing by chemical and enzymatic methods. Carbohydrates (upto hexoses only). Lipids (triglycerides only). Principles of biomolecule purification-Ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Identification of these biomolecules and Beer-Lambert’s law.

GATE 2022 XL-Q Biochemistry Syllabus 2022

Section 1Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding and function: Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin.

Section 2 Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition, Vitamins and Coenzymes; Metabolism and bioenergetics; Generation and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis: Calvin cycle.

Section 3 Biochemical separation techniques: ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry.

Section 4 Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Transport across membranes; Signal transduction; Hormones and neurotransmitters.

Section 5DNA replication, transcription and translation; Biochemical regulation of gene expression; Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis and DNA-microarray.

Section 6 Immune system: Active and passive immunity; Complement system; Antibody structure, function and diversity; Cells of the immune system: T, B and macrophages; T and B cell activation; Major histocompatibility complex; T cell receptor; Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, RIA and ELISA.

GATE 2022 XL-R Botany Syllabus 2022

Section 1: Plant Systematics Major systems of classification, plant groups, phylogenetic relationships and molecular systematics.

Section 2: Plant Anatomy Plant cell structure and its components; cell wall and membranes; organization, organelles, cytoskeleton, anatomy of root, stem and leaves, floral parts, embryo and young seedlings, meristems, vascular system, their ontogeny, structure and functions, secondary growth in plants and stellar organization.

Section 3: Plant development cell and tissue morphogenesis Life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata. Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot and root apical meristems. Transition to flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of floral organ patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; Xylem and phloem cell differentiation, photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin. Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids on plant development.

Section 4: Physiology and Biochemistry Plant water relations, transport of minerals and solutes, stress physiology, stomatal physiology, signal transduction, N2 metabolism, photosynthesis, photorespiration; respiration, Flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, biochemical mechanisms involved in flowering; molecular mechanism of senescence and aging, biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of plant growth regulators, structure and function of biomolecules, (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics.

Section 5: Genetics and genomics Cell cycle and cell division. Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; Introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing- transgene silencing, post transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA; evolution and organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression, gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: euploidy and aneuploidy and structural: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons. Model organisms for functional genetics and genomics; Introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.

Section 6: Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers, embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: micropropagation, embryo culture and in vitro regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of transgenic plants; Introduction to genome editing: CRISPR/Cas9, Cre-Lox system to generate chimeras; plastid transformation; chemical mutagenesis.

Section 7: Economic and applied Botany A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics. Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria. Major Indian cash crops. Effect of industrialization on agricultural botany such as plastic on the fiber economy. Genetically modified crops and its regulation eg. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal golden rice etc.

Section 8: Plant Pathology Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism(s) of pathogenesis, resistance: basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, gene for gene concept. Molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe interactions: symbionts and mycorrhiza, pathogens and pests. Signaling pathways in plant defence response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis; host- parasitic plant interaction (such as Cuscuta).

Section 9: Ecology and Environment Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and energy flow through ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical zones, climate and flora endemism; pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, afforestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other organisms; epiphytes, parasites and endophytes.

GATE 2022 XL-S Microbiology Syllabus 2022

Section 1: Historical Perspective Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.

Section 2: Methods in Microbiology Pure culture techniques; Theory and practice of sterilization; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms; Light-, phase contrast- and electron microscopy.

Section 3: Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity Bacteria, Archaea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy.

Section 4: Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function Prokaryotic Cells: cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, Flagella and Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Bacterial locomotion, including positive and negative chemotaxis.

Section 5: Microbial Growth Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth.

Section 6: Control of Microorganisms Effect of physical and chemical agents; Evaluation of effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.

Section 7: Microbial Metabolism Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; An overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentosephosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Glyoxylate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways.

Section 8: Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction Normal microbiota; Classification of infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection; Emerging infectious diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspecific defense of host; Antigens and antibodies; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Vaccines; Immune deficiency; Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.

Section 9: Chemotherapy/Antibiotics General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics: Classification, mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.

Section 10: Microbial Genetics Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; Regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special reference to E.coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA phages; RNA viruses; Retroviruses; Basic concept of microbial genomics.

Section 11: Microbial Ecology Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants.

GATE 2022 XL-T Syllabus 2022

Section 1: Animal world Animal diversity, distribution, systematics and classification of animals, phylogenetic relationships.

Section 2: EvolutionOrigin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation.

Section 3: Genetics Basic Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, sex determination and sex-linked characteristics, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage, recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, population genetics.

Section 4: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription and translation; regulation of gene expression, organization of genome, Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, vitamins.

Section 5: Cell Biology Structure of cell, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes and chromatin structure. Section 6: Gene expression in Eukaryotes Eukaryotic gene organization and expression (Basic principles of signal transduction).

Section 6: Gene expression in Eukaryotes Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression, transposable elements.

Section 7: Animal Anatomy and Physiology Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, osmoregulation.

Section 8: Parasitology and Immunology Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response, evolution of the immune system.

Section 9: Development Biology Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, genetic basis of development, stem cells.

Section 10: EcologyThe ecosystem, habitats, the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology.

Section 11: Animal Behaviour Types of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of animal behaviour.


GATE Agriculture Engineering (AG) Syllabus

GATE Agriculture Engineering Syllabus 2022

Candidates can check the syllabus for agriculture engineering below:

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Engineering Mathematics is one of the important and tough sections of the GATE exam. The section carries 15% weightage of questions in the question paper. Engineering Mathematics is the branch of applied mathematics concerning mathematical methods and techniques that are typically used in engineering and industry.

Section 2: Farm Machinery

Farm machinery is one of the most expensive and critical inputs when growing a rice crop. Machinery should be up to date and easy to use.

Section 3: Farm Power

Humans, animals, and machines are all used as sources of power in agriculture production. When undertaking different operations on a farm, a certain amount of work is required to complete the task.

Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

Soil is the thin skin covering the land, clean water is becoming more valuable every day. Soil water relations, evapotranspiration, precipitation, runoff, erosion, flow in natural waterways and through reservoirs, wetland and groundwater hydrology, and water quality.

Section 5: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Irrigation is the artificial exploitation and distribution of water at the project level aiming at the application of water at field level to agricultural crops in dry areas or in periods of scarce rainfall to assure or improve crop production. 

Section 6: Agricultural Processing Engineering

Agricultural Engineering deals with the design of farm machinery, the location, and planning of farm structures, farm drainage, soil management, and erosion control, water supply and irrigation, rural electrification, and the processing of farm products. 

Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering

Food engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines microbiology, applied physical sciences, chemistry, and engineering for food and related industries. Food engineers provide the technological knowledge transfer essential to the cost-effective production and commercialization of food products and services. 

GATE Biomedical Engineering (BM) Syllabus

GATE 2022 Biomedical Engineering (BM) Syllabus

Given below is the detailed GATE 2022 Biomedical Engineering (BM) Syllabus. The candidates are advised to check out the same before appearing for GATE 2022

Section 1 - Engineering Mathematics:

Section 2 - Electrical Circuits:

Section 3 - Signals and Systems:

Section 4 - Analog and Digital Electronics:

Section 5 - Measurements and Control Systems:

Section 6 - Sensors and Bioinstrumentation:

Section 7 - Human Anatomy and Physiology:

Section 8 - Medical Imaging Systems:

Section 9 - Biomechanics:

Section 10 - Biomaterials:

GATE Environmental Science and Engineering (ES) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Environmental Science and Engineering 2022

The details of the GATE Syllabus for Environmental Science and Engineering 2022 is given below :

Section 1: Mathematics Foundation

Section 2: Environmental Chemistry

Section 3: Environmental Microbiology

Section 4: Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics

Section 5: Water & Wastewater Treatment and Management

Section 6: Air and Noise Pollution

Section 7: Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Section 8: Global and Regional Environmental Issues

Section 9: Environmental Management and Sustainable Development

GATE General Aptitude Section:

GATE Geomatics Engineering (GE) Syllabus

GATE Geomatics Engineering (GE) Syllabus 2022: Important Topics

Candidates who wish to ace GATE GE 2022, need to go through the detailed syllabus. General Aptitude Syllabus for GE will remain the same as other papers. Meanwhile, given here is the detailed syllabus of all the three sections in GATE GE. 

GATE Geomatics Engineering (GE) Syllabus 2022: Part A (Mandatory)

Sections : Engineering Mathematics

Topics : Surveying measurements, Accuracy, Precision, Most probable value, Errors and their adjustments, Regression analysis, Correlation coefficient, Lease square adjustment, Statistical significant value, Chi square test. Anything on probability? 

Sections : Remote Sensing

Topics : Basic concept, Electromagnetic spectrum, Spectral signature, ResolutionsSpectral. Spatial, Temporal and Radiometric, Platforms and Sensors, Remote Sensing Data Products - PAN, Multispectral, Microwave, Thermal, Hyperspectral, Visual and digital interpretation methods

Sections : GNSS

Topics : Principle used, Components of GNSS, Data collection methods, DGPS, Errors in observations and corrections.

Sections : GIS

Topics : Introduction, Data Sources, Data Models and Data Structures, Algorithms, DBMS, Creation of Databases (spatial and non-spatial), Spatial analysis - Interpolation, Buffer, Overlay, Terrain Modeling and Network analysis. 

GATE Geomatics Engineering (GE) Syllabus 2022: Part B

Part B of GATE Geomatics Engineering Paper will consist of two sections- I and II, Candidates can choose any one of the following sections. The choice of choosing one of the two sections can be made during the exam.

GATE Geomatics Engineering (GE) Syllabus 2022: Part B (Section I)

Sections : Maps

Topics : Importance of maps to engineering projects, Types of maps, Scales and uses, Plotting accuracy, Map sheet numbering, Coordinate systems- Cartesian and geographical, map projections, map datum – MSL, Geoid, spheroid, WGS-84.

Sections : Land Surveying

Topics : Various Levels, Levelling methods, Compass, Theodolite and Total Station and their uses, Tachometer, Trigonometric levelling, Traversing, Triangulation and Trilateration.

Sections : Aerial Photogrammetry

Topics : Types of photographs, Flying height and scale, Relief (height) displacement, Stereoscopy, 3-D Model, Height determination using Parallax Bar, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Slope.

GATE Geomatics Engineering (GE) Syllabus 2022: Part B (Section II)

Sections : Data Quantization and Processing

Topics : Sampling and quantization theory, Principle of Linear System, Convolution, Continuous and Discrete Fourier Transform. 

Sections : Digital Image Processing

Topics : Digital image characteristics: image histogram and scattergram and significance; Variance-Covariance matrix, Correlation matrix and their significance.

Sections : Radiometric and Geometric Corrections

Topics : Registration and Resampling techniques.

Sections : Image Enhancement

Topics : Contrast Enhancement: Linear and Non-linear methods; Spatial Enhancement: Noise and Spatial filters

Sections : Image Transformation

Topics : Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Analysis, Color transformations (RGB - IHS, CMYK), Indices (Ratios, NDVI, NDWI).

Sections : Image Segmentation and Classification

Topics : Simple techniques.

GATE Metallurgical Engineering (MT) Syllabus

GATE Metallurgical Engineering (MT) Syllabus 2022

GATE Metallurgical Engineering (MT) Syllabus 2022 is divided into seven sections as mentioned below:

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics Syllabus

Topics : Linear Algebra

Sub-Topics :  Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Topics : Vector Calculus

Sub-Topics :  Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.

Topics : Calculus

Sub-Topics :  Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.

Topics : Differential Equations

Sub-Topics :  Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs –Laplace, heat and wave equations.

Topics : Probability and Statistics

Sub-Topics :  Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.

Topics : Numerical Methods

Sub-Topics :  Solutions of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Section 2: Metallurgical Thermodynamics

Section 3: Transport Phenomena and Rate Processes

Section 4: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

Section 5: Physical Metallurgy

Section 6: Mechanical Metallurgy

Section 7: Manufacturing Processes

GATE General Aptitude Syllabus

Verbal Ability :

Numerical Ability :

GATE Petroleum Engineering (PE) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Petroleum Engineering (PE) 2022- Important Topics and Sub-Topics

GATE Syllabus 2022 for Petroleum Engineering (PE) consists of topics from-

The section below covers all the topics and sub-topics from GATE Petroleum Engineering (PE) Syllabus 2022.

GATE Syllabus for Petroleum Engineering (PE) 2022- General Aptitude

Topics : Verbal Aptitude

Sub-Topics : Basic English grammar: tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech Basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context Reading and comprehension Narrative sequencing

Topics : Quantitative Aptitude

Sub-Topics : Data interpretation: data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables Numerical computation and estimation: ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series Mensuration and geometry Elementary statistics and probability. 

Topics : Analytical Aptitude

Sub-Topics : Logic: deduction and induction, Analogy, Numerical relations and reasoning

Topics : Spatial Aptitude

Sub-Topics : Transformation of shapes: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping Paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

​GATE Syllabus for Petroleum Engineering (PE) 2022- Engineering Mathematics

Topics : Linear Algebra

Sub-Topics : Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors

Topics : Calculus

Sub-Topics : Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Taylor series, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.

Topics : Differential Equations

Sub-Topics : First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.

Topics : Probability and Statistics

Sub-Topics : Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions, Linear regression analysis.

Topics : Numerical Methods

Sub-Topics : Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations. Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential equations.

Topics : Complex Variables

Sub-Topics : Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality.

GATE Syllabus for Petroleum Engineering (PE) 2022- Core Discipline

Topics : Petroleum Exploration

Sub-Topics : Classification and description of some common rocks with special reference to clastic and non-clastic reservoir rocks. Origin, migration and accumulation of Petroleum. Petroleum exploration methods.

Topics : Oil and Gas Well Drilling Technology

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Reservoir Engineering

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Petroleum Production Operations

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Offshore Drilling and Production Practices

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Petroleum Formation Evaluation

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Oil and Gas Well Testing

Sub-Topics :

Topics : Health Safety and Environment in Petroleum Industry

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Enhance Oil Recovery Techniques

Sub-Topics : 

Topics : Latest Trends in Petroleum Engineering

Sub-Topics : 

GATE Engineering and Fibre Science (TF) Syllabus

GATE Textile Engineering and Fibre Science (TF) Syllabus 2022

Engineering Mathematics Syllabus

Topics : Linear Algebra

Sub-Topic : Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Topics : Vector Calculus

Sub-Topic : Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.

Topics : Calculus

Sub-Topic : Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.

Topics : Differential Equations

Sub-Topic : Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs –Laplace, heat and wave equations.

Topics : Probability and Statistics

Sub-Topic : Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.

Topics : Numerical Methods

Sub-Topic : Solutions of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

General Aptitude Syllabus for GATE 2022 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science

Verbal Ability

Numerical Ability :

GATE Textile Engineering and Fibre Science 2022

The syllabus of textile engineering is divided into 5 major sections. The weight of this section is 70% and candidates are advised to focus more on this section.

Section 1: Textile Fibers

Section 2: Yarn manufacture, Yarn structure, and Properties

Section 3: Fabric manufacture, Structure, and Properties

Section 4: Textile Testing

Section 5: Chemical processing

GATE Humanities and Science (XH) Syllabus

GATE Syllabus for Humanities and Social Science (XH) 2022

Given below is the syllabus for GATE Humanities and Social Sciences papers, section wise - 

General Aptitude Syllabus for GATE Humanities and Social Sciences(GA)

Verbal Ability : English grammar; Sentence completion, Instructions; Verbal analogies, Word groups; Critical reasoning, Verbal deduction. 

Numerical Ability : Numerical computation; Numerical reasoning; Numerical estimation; Data interpretation. 

GATE Reasoning and Comprehensions Syllabus (XH-B1)

Reasoning and Comprehensions section is a mandatory section for all GATE Humanities and Social Sciences applicants. It tests the candiate’s ability of critical reasoning and analysis of the text instead of directly testing the language competence in terms of grammar and vocabulary. 

Section 1 : Reading Comprehension 

Section 2 : Expression

Section 3 : Analytical reasoning

Section 4 : Logical reasoning

GATE Economics Syllabus (XH-C1)

Section 1 : Microeconomics

Section 2 : Macroeconomics

Section 3 : Statistics, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics

Section 4 : International Economics

Section 5 : Public Economics

Section 6 : Development Economics

Section 7 : Indian Economy

GATE English Syllabus (XH-C2)

Section 1 : Multi-genre literature in English—poetry, the novel and other forms of fiction including the short story, drama, creative nonfiction, and non-fiction prose—with emphasis on the long 19th and 20th centuries

Section 2 : Especially in a comparative context, anglophone and in English translation, literature from India and, extending to some degree, the larger Indian subcontinent

Section 3 : Literary criticism and theory; critical and cultural intellectual-traditions and approaches widely referred to and used in the discipline of English

Section 4 : History of English literature and English literary studies

Section 5 : Research approaches and methodologies, including interpretive techniques responsive to literary forms, devices, concepts, and genres

GATE Linguistics Syllabus (XH-C3)

Section 1 : Language and Linguistics

Section 2 : Phonetics and Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics

Section 3 : Historical Linguistics

Section 4 : Sociolinguistics

Section 5 : Areal Typology, Universals, Cross-linguistic Features

Section 6 : Methods of analysis

Section 7 : Applied Linguistics

GATE Philosophy Syllabus (XH-C4)

Section 1 : Classical Indian Philosophy – Orthodox Systems: Sānkhya, Heterodox Systems: Cārvāka, Upaniṣads, Bhagavadgītā, and Dharmaśāstras, Kāṣmira Śaivism, Śaivasiddhānta, Vīra Śaivism, Śāktism and Vaiṣṇavism

Section 2 : Contemporary Indian Philosophy – Vivekananda

Section 3 : Classical and Modern Western Philosophy – Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Social and Political Philosophy, Logic

Section 4 : Contemporary Western Philosophy

GATE Psychology Syllabus (XH-C5)

Section 1 : Research Methods and Statistics

Section 2 : Psychometrics: Foundations of Psychological measurement; Basic components

Section 3 : Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour

Section 4 : Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting

Section 5 : Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence and Language

Section 6 : Personality: Theories of personality

Section 7 : Motivation, Emotion and Stress and Coping

Section 8 : Social psychology, Development across the life span, Applications of Psychology

GATE Sociology Syllabus (XH-C6)

Section 1 : Sociological Theory

Section 2 : Research Methodology and Methods

Section 3 : Sociological Concepts

Section 4 : Agrarian Sociology and Rural Transformation

Section 5 : Family, Marriage and Kinship

Section 6 : Indian Society / Sociology of India

Section 7 : Social Movements

Section 8 : Sociology of Development